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The immune system fights infection (microbes) through special organs, cells and chemicals.  The immunology of infectious disease studies how the immune system responds to infectious agents and how infectious agents interact with, modify or elude the immune system. More recent developments have shown that immunology may play an important role in the treatment of some cancers. Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance — such as pollen, bee venom or pet dander — or a food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people.